According to foreign media reports, researchers at Harvard University in Engineering and Applied Science used a new technology to induce the path of light, which challenged the discovery of the century-old law of light reflection and refraction. And this technique is called phase discontinuous technique. This research finding makes it possible to predict when light enters another medium from one medium (for example, from

         The path of air entering the glass), a new mathematical law appears, which is different from the classic laws of refraction and reflection. The research findings have been published in the latest "Science" magazine.

According to a joint team composed of senior researchers from Harvard University’s Engineering and Applied Science Applied Physics and Vinton Hayes Electrical Engineering, the principal co-researchers are Federico Capasso (Federico Capasso) and Robert L Wallace ( Professor Robert L. Wallace) introduced: Using a special plane, we created a flat haha mirror effect. Our discovery has brought optics into a whole new field and opened the door to exciting optoelectronics technology.

         Since the development of science and the understanding of the behavior of light, humans have known that light travels at different speeds in different media. If light encounters a material such as glass and enters at a certain angle, reflection and refraction will occur. It is precisely because of this that the direction of the wavefront changes. According to the traditional laws of refraction and reflection, we can derive the behavior of light in physics classes all over the world. We can also calculate the specific values of the refraction angle and the reflection angle by combining the incident angle and the properties of the two media. . However, when the researchers hit the light on the structure map of the metal nanomaterials, based on the impact behavior of the surface light in the experiment, the researchers realized that using the traditional equation is not enough to describe the strange path of light observed in the laboratory. The phenomenon.

        During the experiment, the researchers designed a nano-scale resonator array, a little thinner than a wavelength, to create a constant gradient on the silicon surface. Through the visual research technology, the light can hit the surface in the lower part and maintain the vertical incidence. The resonator on the left holds longer energy than the resonator on the right. However, if there is no such entire column, the light rays are parallel.

        Through this research of Harvard University, scientists have also discovered a new law of light in a broad range. Experiments have proved that this set of data is correct, and it will also confirm the new path between two media. According to Nanfang Yu, an associate researcher at the Capasso Laboratory of Engineering and Applied Science at Harvard University, under normal circumstances, for example, near a pond, the boundary between air and water forms two different paths. However, in this particular case, the vicinity of the boundary between the medium and the medium becomes an active interface that can bend the light itself.

        The key to this research experiment is the use of tiny gold-plated antennas etched on the silicon surface. The array structure is made very thin on the overall scale, and the entire array structure is much thinner in scale than the wavelength of the hitting light. This means that, from a traditional perspective, the air and silicon between the boundaries of the optical system design impart a sudden phase shift, which is considered to be a manifestation of the second stage of discontinuity.

        In the laboratory's array, each antenna is a small resonator, which can release energy for a certain period of time without catching light. The entire silicon surface nanoresonator has different types of gradients, which can effectively bend light when light enters and then starts to propagate through a new medium. The resulting various strange phenomena break the old rules, the light created will proceed in any way, and there will be reflection and refraction, depending on the pattern on the surface. In order to generalize the scientific laws of reflection and refraction for the newly discovered behavior of light, researchers at Harvard University have added some new design equations that can teach phase shift gradients. More importantly, in the absence of surface gradients, the new law can reach a well-known degree.

        According to Zeno Gaburro, a visiting scholar in the Capasso research team, the combination of the discontinuous phase gradation through the interface, the law of reflection and refraction of light becomes a redefinable law, and is accompanied by new phenomena. . The reflected laser beam can be bounced instead of forward, and can also create a negative refraction phenomenon, which has a new perspective on total reflection. In addition, the polarization of light can also be controlled, which means that an essential design definition occurs in the light output. Researchers have successfully produced a vortex beam, which is a spiral of light flow. They also envisioned a flat lens that could focus the image without distortion.